Andean culture in Peru is rich and diverse. Some key aspects to understand it:
Languages: Various indigenous languages such as Quechua and Aymara are spoken in the Peruvian Andes. Many people also speak Spanish. Learning some basic phrases in Quechua can be useful and appreciated during your visit.
Gastronomy: Andean Peruvian food has a lot of indigenous influence and is very flavorful. Some typical dishes are ceviche, lomo saltado, papa a la huancaína, cuy (guinea pig), and many types of soups and stews.
Music and dance: There are very lively folkloric dances and music like the marinera, huayno, creole music with guitar and the Peruvian cajón. The Andes have a long musical tradition with native instruments like the quena flute or zampoña panpipes.
Handicrafts: There are beautiful Andean handicrafts like textiles, ceramics, Ayacucho retablos, pre-Columbian goldwork and more that can be found in markets.
Archaeological sites: Machu Picchu is the most famous, but there are many other Inca and pre-Inca sites worth visiting to learn about those ancient cultures.
Andean villages: Many indigenous communities with ancestral traditions and rituals still thrive in the Andes. Visiting them respectfully provides a unique perspective.
I hope these tips are useful to understand and value the rich cultural heritage of the Peruvian Andes. Let me know if you have any other questions.